A scanner (connected to your computer via a USB, Printer or SCSI port), and installed Mac OS X TWAIN driver software It is highly recommended you visit your scanner manufacturer’s website and download the latest version of the driver software. Epson Perfection 4990 Photo TWAIN Driver 3.07A for Mac OS. Free Trial Driver Booster 6 PRO (60% OFF when you buy) Epson Perfection 4990 Photo TWAIN Driver 3.07A for Mac OS.

TWAIN
Original author(s)	TWAIN Working Group
Developer(s)	TWAIN Working Group
Initial release	February 1992; 28 years ago
Stable release	2.4 (11 December 2015; 4 years ago) [±]^[1]
Operating system	Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows
Platform	x86, x86-64, PowerPC
Standard(s)	TWAIN
Type	Application programming interface
License	LGPL (Data Source Manager only)
Website	www.twain.org

TWAIN and TWAIN Direct are application programming interfaces (APIs) and communication protocols that regulate communication between software and digital imaging devices, such as image scanners and digital cameras. TWAIN is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X^[2].

The three key elements of TWAIN are^[2]:

Application software. For example, graphics software, a fax application or a word processor.
Source manager software. The source manager software is a software library provided by the TWAIN Working Group.
Device drivers (referred to as 'Source software' in the specification document)

Both the application and the device driver must support TWAIN for the interface to be successfully used.

History[edit]

The design of TWAIN began in January 1991. The TWAIN group was originally launched in 1992 by several members of the imaging industry, with the intention of standardizing communication between image handling software and hardware.^[3] Review of the original TWAIN Developer's Toolkit occurred from April, 1991 through January, 1992.^[4]

The word TWAIN is not officially an acronym, but it is a backronym. The official website notes that 'the word TWAIN is from Kipling's 'The Ballad of East and West' — '..and never the twain shall meet..' — reflecting the difficulty, at the time, of connecting scanners and personal computers. It was up-cased to TWAIN to make it more distinctive. This led people to believe it was an acronym,^[5] and then to a contest to come up with an expansion. None was selected, but the entry Technology Without an Interesting Name continues to haunt the standard.'^[6]^[7] For example, the Encyclopedia of Information Technology lists 'Technology Without an Interesting Name' as the official meaning of TWAIN.^[8]

Twain Driver For Scanner

Release history of the TWAIN API^[9]
Version	Release date	Changes
1.0	February 1992	Initial release
1.5	May 1993	Performance enhancements
1.6	5 February 1996	Page-length detection Buffer transfer
1.7	19 August 1997	Production scanning features
1.8	22 October 1998	Production scanning features omitted from v1.7 of the TWAIN specification Support for barcode and patch code control
1.9	20 January 2000	Support for the Cocoa software development API in Mac OS X
2.0	22 February 2008	Linux support Support for the Win64 version of the Windows API New open-source Data Source Manager, licensed under the LGPL Support for cheque-scanning
2.1	8 July 2009	Support for Windows 7 (32- and 64-bit) Support for automatic color detection
2.2	16 February 2012	Implemented self-certification and new mandatory features
2.3	21 November 2013	Improved clarity and removed ambiguity.
2.4	15 December 2015	Improved clarity and removed ambiguity

Objectives[edit]

Objectives of the TWAIN Working Group and standard include:

Ensure image-handling software and hardware compatibility
Keep the specification current with the state of current software and hardware while maintaining backward compatibility
Provide multiple-platform support
Maintain and distribute a no-charge developer's toolkit
Ensure ease of implementation
Encourage widespread adoption
Open Source Data Source Manager
LGPL Open Source License
BSD Open Source Sample Application and Sample Data Source Application

TWAIN provides support for:

Production, high-speed scanning
Multiple operating system platforms including Windows, classic Mac OS, macOS, and Linux

TWAIN Working Group[edit]

Today the TWAIN standard, including the specification, data source manager and sample code, are maintained by the not-for-profit organization TWAIN Working Group.

Board and associate members of the TWAIN Working Group include: Adobe acrobat reader for mac.

Atalasoft, a Kofax Company
Kodak Alaris
Fujitsu Computer Products of America
InoTec GmbH
ExactCODE GmbH
Microtek International, Inc.

Notes[edit]

^'TWAIN Features'. FileZilla. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
^ ^a^b'TWAIN Specification Version 2.4'(PDF). TWAIN Working Group. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
^What is the TWAIN Initiative?Archived March 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^TWAIN docs indexArchived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^Chambers, Mark L. (2010). PCs All-in-One For Dummies (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 458. ISBN9780470908006.
^Pete Walsh; Francine Spiegel; Janee Aronoff (2013). Photoshop Elements 2 Most Wanted. Apress. p. 8. ISBN9781430251194.
^'The TWAIN Forum • View topic - What is TWAIN an acronym for?'. Twainforum.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
^Encyclopedia of Information Technology. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2007. p. 501. ISBN978-8126907526.
^'TWAIN Features'. FileZilla. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.

References[edit]

Twain Drivers For Mac